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The earned income tax credit (EITC) is a refundable tax credit designed to provide relief for low- to moderate-income working individuals and families. In 2022, approximately $64 billion in earned income credits were distributed to 31 million taxpayers, with an average credit of $2,043. If you meet the eligibility requirements, you may even receive a tax refund. Here’s what you need to know.
If you qualify for the EITC, you can apply the credit directly toward your tax bill and collect any remaining amount in cash. For example, if you owe $2,300 in taxes and qualify for an EITC of $3,733, you would receive the leftover $1,433 as a tax refund. Because the EITC is refundable, you receive this money as a tax refund.
Eligibility for the EITC depends on your filing status and family size. Here are the basic requirements:
A “qualifying child” for the EITC does not have to be your biological child. They must live with you in the U.S. for more than half the year and have one of the following relationships with you:
Your qualifying child must also be younger than you and under the age of 19 at the end of the tax year, or 24 if they are a full-time student. A child who is permanently and totally disabled can be any age.
Income limits for EITC eligibility vary depending on your filing status and the number of qualifying children you claim. Here are the adjusted gross income limits for 2022 and 2023:
Number of Children Claimed | Single, Head of Household, or Widowed | Married Filing Jointly |
---|---|---|
Zero | $16,480 | $22,610 |
1 | $43,492 | $49,622 |
2 | $49,399 | $55,529 |
3+ | $53,057 | $59,187 |
Note: To receive the EITC, you must file a tax return, even if you don’t owe any taxes or aren’t otherwise required to file a return.
The size of your tax credit depends on the size of your family. Here is the maximum EITC you can receive for the 2022 tax year:
For 2023, the maximum EITC credits increase as follows:
If you qualify, the EITC is worth pursuing. Whether it reduces your tax bill or secures you a refund, the EITC represents significant financial relief. However, the IRS reports that roughly 20% of eligible taxpayers don’t claim the EITC.
If you are unsure about your eligibility, many online tax programs include EITC calculations to help you. The IRS also offers an online EITC Assistant and live volunteer help through its Volunteer Income Tax Assistance (VITA) or Tax Counseling for the Elderly (TCE) sites.
Note that if you claim the EITC, your tax refund may be delayed. The IRS is required to wait until mid-February to begin issuing refunds to taxpayers who claim the EITC.
Many other tax credits are available to both individuals and families. Taxpayers who qualify for the EITC may also want to consider the child tax credit (CTC), the additional child tax credit (ACTC), or the credit for other dependents. These credits target families with similar income and qualifying characteristics. The ACTC is also partially refundable, meaning that if you qualify and the refundable portion of your credits exceeds your tax bill, you can receive the difference as a refund.
Claiming the EITC and other federal tax credits may require some effort, but the potential savings and refunds can provide significant financial relief. Unlike tax deductions, which lower your tax bill indirectly by reducing your taxable income, tax credits reduce your tax bill dollar for dollar. These tax savings, along with the potential for a refund, can help stretch your dollars further—a welcome boost when you’re trying to make ends meet.
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